Bronze Age Technology is a Modern Solution for Clean Energy

An ancient method of storing heat could hold the key to a sustainable, clean energy future, according to new research.

This ingenious technology, which dates back to the Bronze Age, could prove to be an effective and cost-effective way to achieve the UN climate goal of net zero emissions by 2050.

Clean Energy Storage Using Firebricks

The technique described involves the use of specially made, heat-absorbing bricks, known as firebricks.

These bricks are placed in an insulated container which stores heat generated by solar or wind energy at temperatures required for industrial processes.

The stored heat can be released when required by allowing air to flow through channels in the firebrick chimneys.

It’s a simple but effective solution that allows industries like cement, steel, glass, and paper to run on renewable energy when wind and sunlight aren’t available. This technique would enable a smooth transition to cleaner energy sources.

The concept of thermal energy storage is not entirely new and many companies have already started commercializing it for the purpose of storing heat in industry.

Bronze Age Technology

The firebricks used are made from similar materials that lined the ovens and hearths of primitive times. The real innovation lies in the combination and proportions of these materials, optimized to effectively store heat rather than simply insulate.

While traditional batteries store electricity from renewable sources and generate heat on demand, fireproof batteries offer a unique advantage.

The study’s lead author, Mark Z. Jacobson, is a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability and School of Engineering.

“The difference between firebrick storage and battery storage is that firebricks store heat, not electricity, and they cost one-tenth of the cost of batteries. The materials are also simple, consisting essentially of just dirt components,” Jacobson noted.

Most industrial processes require high temperatures. For example, cement production requires temperatures of at least 1,300 degrees Celsius, while glass, iron, and steel production require temperatures of 1,000 degrees Celsius or higher.

About 17% of global carbon dioxide emissions can be linked to the burning of fossil fuels to generate heat for these industrial processes.

Therefore, generating industrial heat from renewable sources could significantly reduce these emissions.

Energy storage optimization

Focusing on storing energy in a form most similar to its end use can minimize inefficient conversions.

The concept is as simple as storing hot water for hot showers and ice for cold drinks. In this case, the study suggested, “If you need heat for industry, store it in firebricks.”

Scientists studied the impact of using firebricks to store most of the industrial heat in a futuristic scenario where all countries switch to renewable energy sources such as wind, geothermal, hydropower and solar power.

Studies have shown that using firebricks can accelerate this transformation at lower costs, with benefits for health, climate, jobs and energy security.

A cleaner future with clean energy

In addition to environmental benefits, accelerating the transition to clean energy also benefits human health.

Previous studies have revealed that pollution from burning fossil fuels causes millions of premature deaths every year.

“Every bit of combustion fuel we replace with electricity reduces air pollution,” Jacobson said, pointing to the urgent need to find cost-effective ways to accelerate this transformation.

Fueled by a desire to discover effective, quick solutions, Jacobson turned his attention to firebricks. He believes that a cost-saving approach would be more readily adopted and thus accelerate the world’s transition to cleaner, renewable energy sources.

The potential impact of this Bronze Age technology is enormous, promising significant benefits at low cost, from reducing mortality from air pollution to facilitating a smoother transition to clean energy.

Modern innovations with ancient techniques

As we explore the potential of firebricks, it is important to use modern technology to improve upon these ancient techniques. Innovations such as advanced composites and nano-coatings can improve heat storage efficiency.

Integrating smart technologies such as IoT sensors and AI algorithms can optimize thermal energy systems.

For example, smart sensors can monitor temperatures in real time, ensuring efficient heat storage and release. This data-driven approach allows manufacturers to adjust production to renewable energy availability.

Educating the industry and showcasing the benefits of refractory technology through workshops and pilots can encourage adoption, bridging the gap between ancient wisdom and modern solutions, leading to a cleaner, more sustainable future.

The study was published in the journal Nexus PNAS.

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